33^rd Annual Cardiologists Conference July 12-12, 2021 London, UK

Cardiology case reports give an appropriate assemblage for all cardiologists by rendering their important clinical cases of late occurrence. Studying from medical cases provides valuable experience for clinicians, students and paramedical staff -members. Rare medical reports and conditions discovered through the latest methods of examination are reinforced. Furthermore, studying diagnostic methods from medical cases and interpretation of symptoms is significant to train and increase the processes which are being used in the clinical field

This session plays a significant role in the future of Cardiology research. Cardiology concerns with diseases and disorders of the heart, such as coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. The Clinical Cardiology includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, vascular heart disease and electrophysiology.

Research advances have contributed to improved outcomes across all specialties, but the rate of advancement in cardiology has been exceptional. Concurrently, the population of patients with cardiac conditions continues to grow and greater public awareness has increased patients' expectations of new drugs and devices. Future Cardiology (ISSN 1479-6678) reflects this new era of cardiology and highlights the new molecular approach to advancing cardiovascular therapy. Coverage will also reflect the major technological advances in bioengineering in cardiology in terms of advanced and robust devices, miniaturization, imaging, system modelling and information management issues. We also take a new approach to the way information is structured and delivered, so that its value is maximized to the reader. Accessible 'at-a-glance' formats are important in an increasingly time-constrained clinical community.

Pharmacology of vascular endothelium deals with modifications of endothelial cells and the vasculature play a crucial part in the pathogenesis of a wide range of the most dreadful of human diseases, as endothelial cells have the vital role of participating in the maintenance of patent and functional capillaries. Cardiovascular pharmacology focuses on the fundamental mechanisms of cardiovascular cells and how drugs influence the heart and vascular system. Researchers in the department exploit novel technologies such as induced pluripotent stem cells, automated electrophysiology and genomics to investigate the causes of sudden cardiac death, congenital arrhythmias and cardiac toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs

Arrhythmias can develop after a heart attack as a result of damage to the heart muscles. Damaged muscles disrupt electrical signals that control the heart.Some arrhythmias, such as tachycardia, are mild and cause symptoms Other arrhythmias can be life threatening, including:complete heart block, where electrical signals are unable to travel from one side of your heart to the other, so your heart cannot pump blood properly. 

Complications are: 

Heart failure. One of the most common complications of heart disease, heart failure occurs when your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs. ...

Heart attack. ...

Stroke. ...

Aneurysm. ...

Peripheral artery disease. ...

Sudden cardiac arrest

Advances in medicine means that if CHD is detected at the early stage it can be treated successfully to extend survival rate. Successful treatment is more likely if disease is detected at its earliest stages. Our current research work  focuses on the early detection of CHD in order to halt or reverse the progress of the disease. The On-going research includes the  pioneering the use of the  heart scanning in the early diagnosis of heart disease in diabetics and Development of Nuclear Cardiology techniques for the detection of heart disease and  Drug development and evaluation of treatments used in heart disease the  Identification of novel biological markers to predict the presence of  heart disease and Analysis of ethnic and socio-economic differences in heart disease risk

The most common heart attack symptom in women is the same as in men — some type of chest pain, pressure or discomfort that lasts more than a few minutes or comes and goes. But chest pain is not always severe or even the most noticeable symptom, particularly in women. Women often describe heart attack pain as pressure or tightness. And it's possible to have a heart attack without chest pain. Women are more likely than men to have heart attack symptoms unrelated to chest pain, such as:

Neck, jaw, shoulder, upper back or upper belly (abdomen) discomfort

Shortness of breath

Pain in one or both arms

Nausea or vomiting

Sweating

Lightheadedness or dizziness

Unusual fatigue

Heartburn (indigestion)

These symptoms may be vague and not as noticeable as the crushing chest pain often associated with heart attacks. This might be because women tend to have blockages not only in their main arteries but also in the smaller ones that supply blood to the heart — a condition called small vessel heart disease or coronary microvascular disease..

Structural heart diseases are structural defects in the heart which may be present from the initial stages of birth, which need to be rectified by surgical interventions. Transcatheter techniques applied for treating non-coronary heart diseases are known as structural heart interventions. New opportunities continue to unfold in the field of treating structural heart interventions. The Present day structural heart intervention training programs include both valvular and non-valvular techniques concentrating on a wide range of adult primary congenital heart defects and complex surgical residual defects infant population. Many cardiologists prefer a new branch of percutaneous treatment which targets congenital and acquired diseases that were not addressed or were treated in another complex manner. Percutaneous structural heart interventions require a multi-axle approach involving cardiac imaging specialists, clinical cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, pediatricians and expert cardiac surgeons. A thorough assessment on patient procure compatibility has to be made. Continuous enhancement of knowledge and training in materials and devices to be used individual specific procedures is a prerequisite. The catheterization lab in the hospital must be equipped to perform hybrid procedures

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most usual type of heart surgery. CABG boosts blood flow to the heart. Surgeons make use of CABG to treat people who have critical coronary heart disease (CHD).  For the heart to work well, blood should flow in only one direction. The heart's valves help to make this possible. Healthy valves open and close in a specific way as the heart pumps blood. Each valve has one set of flaps called leaflets. The leaflets open to allow blood to pass from one heart apartment into another or into the arteries. Then the leaflets close tightly to cease blood from flowing backward. Heart surgery is applied to fix leaflets that do not open as wide as they should. This can happen if they become thick or stiff or join together. As a result, not enough blood flows through the valve. This Heart Congress scientific program has been CME and CPD certified

Cardiovascular Toxicology deals with the adverse effects on the heart or blood systems which result from exposure to toxic chemicals. It describes safety data of detrimental effects of new cardiovascular drugs. Cardiovascular pharmacology manages the drug of heart illnesses. The Cardiac Drugs are utilized to treat states of the heart or the circulatory or vascular framework. Many classes of cardiovascular operators are accessible to treat the different cardiovascular conditions. Pharmacology of vascular endothelium deals with alterations of endothelial cells and the vasculature play a central role in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of the most dreadful of human diseases, as endothelial cells have the key function of participating in the maintenance of patent and functional capillaries.

Cardiac nursing is a special nursing field which works with patients who suffer from different conditions of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac nurses help treat and care conditions such as unstable angina, cardiomyopathy, Coronary Artery Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, infarction of myocardium and cardiac arrhythmia under the direction of a cardiologist. Cardiac nurses perform post-operative treatment on a surgical unit, stress test evaluations, cardiac monitoring, vascular monitoring, and health evaluations. Cardiac nurses work in various kinds of environments, involving coronary care units (CCU), catheterization of heart, intensive care units (ICU), operating theatres, cardiac rehabilitation centers, clinical research, wards for Cardiac Surgery, cardiovascular intensive care units (CVICU), and cardiac medical wards. This Heart Congress scientific program has been CME and CPD certified.

Obesity will increase the chance of cardiopathy and stroke. However, it harms quite simply the guts designation and vessel system. It is also a serious reason behind gallstones, degenerative arthritis, and metabolic process issues. additionally to weight gain may be a frequent consequence of heart-damaging style decisions like lack of exercise & a fat-laden diet. Blubber can also result in serious conditions like a coronary failure, within which your heart can’t pump enough blood to the body. Having a polygenic disease or pre-diabetes puts one at increased risk for cardiopathy and stroke. One will lower its risk by keeping the blood sugar (also known as blood sugar), cardiovascular disease, and blood steroid alcohol near to the counseled target numbers the degree prompt by polygenic disease specialists permanently health. Stroke and coronary cardiopathy will be caused by a similar downside induration of the arteries.

Cardiomyopathy is a most common group of diseases that affect the heart muscles. In this, the heart muscle becomes rigid, enlarged or thick. In this condition, heart is less able to circulate the blood to all the body parts and maintain a normal electrical rhythm. This can lead to heart failure or irregular heartbeats called arrhythmias. In turn, heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the legs, ankles, lungs, feet or abdomen. The Typical perilous danger in patients with cardiomyopathies is sporadic heart rate. Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions that affect your heart muscle. If you have cardiomyopathy, your heart can’t efficiently pump blood to the rest of your body. As a result, you may experience fatigue, shortness of breath or heart palpitations. Cardiomyopathy gets worse over time. Treatment can slow the progression and improve your quality of life

The Vascular Biology exists as a wide-ranging discipline that includes study of vascular function, structure, growth as well as development.  This field comprises investigation at essentially all levels, including studies of molecules, cells, organs also intact organisms.  Perturbations of vascular function be there involved in various pathophysiological states, with Neoplasia, inflammation, aging, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders pulmonary diseases also Hypertension. The vascular system involves the heart and blood vessels. The blood vessels include arteries, which are tubes that transport blood from your heart to the rest of your body, and veins, which return the blood to your heart. This complex system is involved in many diverse functions, but the most important is transporting vital oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and organs. Arteries are thicker and are prone to developing blockages or dilations. Veins are thinner and have valves that keep the blood moving back toward the heart. The larger deep veins of the legs can develop clots.

Cardiac Remodeling or Ventricular remodeling is generally accepted as a determinant of the clinical course of heart failure (HF). It defines as genome expression resulting in molecular, cellular and interstitial changes and manifested clinically as changes in shape, structure, size, and function of the heart. Cardiac remodeling can happen as a result physiological remodelling or pathological remodeling (injury to the heart muscle) and from cardiac load or injury, cardiac remodeling is influenced by hemodynamic load, neurohormonal activation. Congenital Heart Disease, chronic hypertension, with intra-cardiac shunting, and valvular heart disease may also lead to remodeling. Mostly the cardiac myocyte is the major cell involved in cardiac remodeling. Due to this, the Myocardial Necrosis (cell death) and disproportionate thinning of the heart occurs.

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its primary function is to transport nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body and to carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs. Abnormalities or injuries to any or all parts of the cardiovascular system can result in serious health complications. Common conditions that can affect the cardiovascular system include coronary artery disease, heart attack, high blood pressure, and stroke. There are two blood circulatory systems in the body. The first is the systemic circulatory system. This is the main blood circulatory system that transports blood to the organs, tissues, and cells throughout the body. The second is the pulmonary circulatory system. This circulatory system moves blood between the heart and lungs. It is where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood.

Pediatric Cardiology is also called Pediatric Cardiopulmonary disease which involves the childhood disorder includes both the heart and lungs problems. Pediatric cardiologist is a pediatrician who has gotten broad preparing in diagnosis and treatment of kids' Cardiovascular issues. Assessment and treatment may start with the embryo since heart issues can now be identified before birth.  Pediatric cardiologists work closely with primary care pediatricians to provide coordinated and comprehensive care. Because heart problems can sometimes be complex and come with other difficulties for children, pediatric cardiologists also often work in teams with other health care providers. These include pediatric heart surgeons, cardiac anesthesiologists, neonatologists, cardiac pediatric intensivists, pediatric radiologists, as well as pediatric nurses, nutritionists, and speech, occupational, and physical therapists. These teams have extensive training and expertise in the special needs of children with heart problems and are particularly attuned to their needs. Pediatric cardiologists have extensive training and expertise in dealing with children and in treating children with heart problems. If your pediatrician suggests that your child see a pediatric cardiologist, you can be assured that your child will receive the best possible care

The regrowth of organs and tissues of the heart that are lost in an injury are called Cardiac Regeneration. This is in disparity to wound healing, which involves closing of the injury site by forming a scar. Few tissues like skin and large organs such as liver regrow quite readily, whilst others have been seen with little or no capacity of regeneration. Nevertheless in the present research, it suggests that particularly in the Lungs and heart, there is hope for a variety of organs and tissues will eventually develop and the capacity to regenerate. This Heart Congress scientific program has been CME and CPD certified

Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or blockage of your coronary arteries usually caused by the buildup of fatty material called plaque. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease and heart disease. Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque inside your arteries. Plaque consists of cholesterol, fatty substances, waste products, calcium and the clot-making substance fibrin. As plaque continues to collect on your artery walls, your arteries narrow and stiffen. Plaque can clog or damage your arteries, which limits or stops blood flow to your heart muscle. If your heart does not get enough blood, it can't get the oxygen and nutrients it needs to work properly. This condition is called ischemia. Not getting enough blood supply to your heart muscle can lead to chest discomfort or chest pain (called angina). It also puts you at risk for a heart attack.

A thorough understanding of onco-cardiology or cardio-oncology is essential for the effective treatment of cancer patients. Virtually all antineoplastic agents are related with cardiotoxicity. All patients who are being considered for chemotherapy, especially those who have prior history of cardiac disease should undergo detailed cardiovascular evaluation to optimize the treatment. Serial examination of left ventricular systolic function and cardiac biomarkers might also be considered in the selected populations of patient. Cardio-toxic effects of chemotherapy can be decreased by the frequent use of angiotensin-converting inhibitors of enzyme, angiotensin receptor blockers, or beta-blockers. Antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy might be taken in patients with a potential hyper-coagulable state associated with chemotherapy or cancer. This Heart Congress scientific program has been CME and CPD certified.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most usual type of heart surgery. CABG boosts blood flow to the heart. Surgeons make use of CABG to treat people who have critical Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).  For the heart to work well, blood should flow in only one direction. The heart's valves help to make this possible. Healthy valves open and close in a specific way as the heart pumps blood. Each valve has one set of flaps called leaflets. The leaflets open to allow blood to pass from one heart apartment into another or into the arteries. Then the leaflets close tightly to cease blood from flowing backward. Heart surgery is applied to fix leaflets that do not open as wide as they should. This can happen if they become thick or stiff or join together. As a result, not enough blood flows through the valve. This Heart Congress scientific program has been CME and CPD certified.